Употребление IS и ARE в английском языке
Главное правило простое: is используется с единственным числом (he, she, it), а are — с множественным числом (we, you, they). Исключение составляет местоимение «I», которое всегда сочетается с формой am.
Основные правила
| Глагол | Местоимения | Существительные | Примеры |
|---|---|---|---|
| IS | I am / He is / She is / It is | Единственное число | He is a doctor; The cat is sleeping; My sister is beautiful; This book is interesting |
| ARE | You are / We are / They are | Множественное число | They are students; The dogs are playing; We are friends; These books are new |
Подробная таблица употребления
| Лицо | Единственное число | Множественное число |
|---|---|---|
| 1-е лицо | I am | We are |
| 2-е лицо | You are | You are |
| 3-е лицо | He/She/It is | They are |
Примеры в разных временах
Present Simple (Настоящее простое время)
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
|---|---|---|
| I am happy | I am not happy | Am I happy? |
| He is tall | He is not (isn’t) tall | Is he tall? |
| We are ready | We are not (aren’t) ready | Are we ready? |
| They are here | They are not (aren’t) here | Are they here? |
Особые случаи
| Случай | Правило | Примеры |
|---|---|---|
| Неисчисляемые существительные | Используется IS | Water is important; Money is not everything |
| Собирательные существительные | Обычно IS (в американском английском) | The team is winning; The family is large |
| Слова, оканчивающиеся на -s | Могут быть единственного числа | News is good; Mathematics is difficult |
| There is/There are | IS + ед.ч., ARE + мн.ч. | There is a book; There are books |
Сокращенные формы
| Полная форма | Сокращенная форма |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| You are | You’re |
| He is | He’s |
| She is | She’s |
| It is | It’s |
| We are | We’re |
| They are | They’re |
| is not | isn’t |
| are not | aren’t |
Полезные выражения
Вопросы с IS/ARE
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример ответа |
|---|---|---|
| How old are you? | Сколько тебе лет? | I am 25 years old |
| What time is it? | Который час? | It is 3 o’clock |
| Where are you from? | Откуда ты? | I am from Ukraine |
| Are you ready? | Ты готов? | Yes, I am ready |
| What is your name? | Как тебя зовут? | My name is Anna |
| How are you? | Как дела? | I am fine, thanks |
| Is he at home? | Он дома? | No, he is not at home |
| Are they coming? | Они идут? | Yes, they are coming |
| What is this? | Что это? | It is a book |
| Are you sure? | Ты уверен? | Yes, I am sure |
| Where is the bathroom? | Где туалет? | It is upstairs |
| Are you married? | Ты женат/замужем? | No, I am single |
Описание внешности и характера
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| She is beautiful | Она красивая | My sister is very beautiful |
| He is tall | Он высокий | My brother is tall and strong |
| They are kind | Они добрые | My parents are very kind |
| I am tired | Я устал(а) | I am so tired today |
| You are smart | Ты умный | You are really smart! |
| It is big | Это большое | The house is very big |
| We are happy | Мы счастливы | We are happy together |
| The cat is lazy | Кот ленивый | Our cat is very lazy |
Местоположение и состояние
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I am at work | Я на работе | I am at work now |
| She is in the kitchen | Она на кухне | Mom is in the kitchen |
| They are at school | Они в школе | The children are at school |
| The book is on the table | Книга на столе | Your book is on the table |
| We are in Ukraine | Мы в Украине | We are in Lviv, Ukraine |
| The shop is closed | Магазин закрыт | The shop is closed today |
| The weather is nice | Погода хорошая | The weather is nice today |
| The door is open | Дверь открыта | The door is open |
Профессии и занятия
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I am a teacher | Я учитель | I am a English teacher |
| He is a doctor | Он врач | My father is a doctor |
| She is a student | Она студентка | My sister is a university student |
| They are engineers | Они инженеры | My friends are software engineers |
| We are colleagues | Мы коллеги | We are colleagues at work |
| You are the boss | Ты начальник | You are the boss here |
Время и даты
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| It is Monday | Сегодня понедельник | Today is Monday |
| It is winter | Сейчас зима | It is cold winter |
| I am late | Я опаздываю | Sorry, I am late |
| You are early | Ты рано | You are very early today |
| The meeting is tomorrow | Встреча завтра | The meeting is at 2 PM tomorrow |
| It is my birthday | Сегодня мой день рождения | Today is my 25th birthday |
Эмоции и чувства
| Выражение | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I am angry | Я злой | I am angry with him |
| She is sad | Она грустная | She is sad about the news |
| We are excited | Мы взволнованы | We are excited about the trip |
| They are worried | Они беспокоятся | They are worried about you |
| You are nervous | Ты нервничаешь | You are nervous before the exam |
| He is calm | Он спокойный | He is always calm |
| I am confused | Я в замешательстве | I am confused about this task |
